top of page


Cross-Entropy Loss: The Guiding Star of LLM Training
When a Large Language Model (LLM) is learning, it's essentially trying to master the art of prediction. Given a sequence of words, its...
Jul 293 min read


Understanding the Pulse of Training: Loss as Your LLM's Performance Metric
When you embark on the journey of training or fine-tuning a Large Language Model (LLM), it's a bit like guiding a ship through an...
Jul 293 min read


Crafting a Robust Evaluation Strategy for Your LLM
The world of Large Language Models (LLMs) is intoxicatingly exciting. From generating creative content to answering complex queries,...
Jul 294 min read


The LLM's Short-Term Memory: Understanding the Context Window
Imagine having a conversation with someone who can only remember the last few sentences you spoke, constantly forgetting everything said...
Jul 293 min read


The Power of SentencePiece Byte-Pair Encoding in LLMs
In the world of Large Language Models (LLMs), the way we break down raw text into manageable pieces for the model to understand is...
Jul 293 min read


Multi-Head Attention: The Power of Multiple Perspectives in LLMs
If there's one mechanism that truly defines the revolutionary power of Large Language Models (LLMs) and the Transformer architecture...
Jul 293 min read


AdamW: The Gold Standard Optimizer for Training LLMs
When it comes to training Large Language Models (LLMs), the sheer scale and complexity of these neural networks demand highly efficient...
Jul 293 min read


How Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) Power Modern LLMs
In the vast landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs), understanding the sequential order of words is paramount. Simply embedding words...
Jul 293 min read


Unlocking Deeper Understanding: Gated Linear Units (GLU) and Their Variants in LLMs
In the quest to build ever more capable Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers continually refine every architectural component....
Jul 293 min read


SwiGLU: The Gated Activation Fueling Modern LLMs
In the intricate machinery of Large Language Models (LLMs), every component plays a vital role in transforming raw text into coherent and...
Jul 293 min read


RMSNorm: A Smarter Way to Stabilize Your LLM Training
In the complex world of Large Language Models (LLMs), training massive neural networks with billions of parameters is a monumental task....
Jul 293 min read


Under the Hood of LLaMA: Decoding its Transformer Architecture
In the rapidly evolving landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLaMA (Large Language Model Meta AI) and its successors have emerged...
Jul 294 min read


The Power of Mixed Precision Training in LLM Training
Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is an incredibly resource-intensive endeavor. These colossal models, with billions of parameters,...
Jul 293 min read


Supercharging Efficiency: Diving into LoRA and QLoRA Parameters for LLM Fine-Tuning
The world of Large Language Models (LLMs) is characterized by ever-growing model sizes, boasting billions, even trillions, of parameters....
Jul 284 min read


Taming Complexity: Understanding Weight Decay (λ) in LLM Fine-Tuning
Imagine you're designing a complex machine. You want each part to be robust and perform its function, but you don't want any single part...
Jul 284 min read


Navigating the Learning Journey: The Power of Learning Rate Schedulers in LLM Fine-Tuning
Imagine embarking on a long road trip. You wouldn't drive at a constant speed the entire way, right? You'd speed up on highways, slow...
Jul 283 min read


The Unsung Hero: Why the Optimizer Matters in LLM Fine-Tuning
You've painstakingly prepared your data, chosen the perfect base LLM, and even wrestled with the learning rate and batch size. But...
Jul 283 min read


The Balancing Act of Learning: Understanding the Number of Epochs in LLM Fine-Tuning
Imagine you're studying for a complex exam. Would you read your entire textbook once, twice, or perhaps ten times? The "number of epochs"...
Jul 283 min read


Batch Size: The Balancing Act in LLM Training
When fine-tuning a Large Language Model (LLM) for a specific task, you're essentially teaching it new tricks based on your custom...
Jul 284 min read


Understanding the Learning Rate in LLM Fine-Tuning
Imagine you're trying to find the lowest point in a bumpy landscape, blindfolded, taking steps in a direction that feels downhill. This...
Jul 282 min read
bottom of page